Ayurveda, the Mother of all healing, is one of the oldest forms of medicine that exist on earth, being practiced for more than 5000 years. This knowledge has been transmitted to us by the Yogis and the Sages of the humankind with the purpose of reaching the health and the longetivity, necessary conditions for the spiritual evolution.
Just like Yoga, Ayurveda has its origins in the sacred texts of the Vedas and it is based on the same spiritual background, recognizing that the highest goal in human's life is to reach the ultimate Truth, the state of Pure Consciousness which exists beyond mind, thoughts and words. The 4 main Vedic texts available today there are: Rig veda, which contains the mantras and the sacred chants), Sama Veda, the science of sound, the base of the Cosmic Prana), Yajur Veda, or the science of karma and Atharva Veda, the text which adds more mantras for healing and protection purposes.
According to certain sages, Ayurveda was extracted mainly from the Rig Veda, a text which finds its origins very far in time in the history of the humankind. This discipline is in fact a part of the human's wisdom being transmitted generation to generation by the Rishis and the Yogis of the Himalayas. Those sages were often doctors and they were in the possession of the remedies of all suffering, be it of a physical or emotional nature.
The main and the oldest Ayurveda texts dating from around 1000 BCE are Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita, named after the two sages and Ayurvedic physicians, Charaka and Samhita. The third text, Ashtanga Hridaya, dating around 500 BCE, represents a compilation put together by another seer and ayurvedic doctor Vagbhatta of Singh. Formulated into a more concise and pedagogical form, the Aurveda principles of Vagbhata represent the base of the Science of Ayurveda as it is practiced today.
The medical knowledge contained in those vedic texts was compiled tested, and systematically arranged by different yogis, at different periods in time and so, the ayurvedic knowledge has become more known and more accessible in texts named Samhitas, or collections. Many of those texts have appeared along the time, but three of them are the most important and they represent the base of the Ayurvedic knwoledge as it is known and practiced today: Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita and Ashtanga Hridaya.
During legendary times, one of the most important figures in the work of Ayurveda was Dhanvantari, an incarnation of Vishnu, representing the deity of Ayurveda who guides and protects the actvity of this science.